笛卡尔说,人类拥有的身体运作根据物理原理,和一个不介意。他认为,心灵和身体有一个完全不同的性质。然而笛卡尔显示有一个特定的心灵和大脑之间的关系。他们的相互依赖,只钢笔和墨水是相互依存的。没有墨水的钢笔不能写没有钢笔和墨水并没有消息。”(嗯3)灵魂是存在于所有的身体部位,但身体的任何部分的删除不会减少我们的灵魂。笛卡尔的身体和灵魂生育被创建。他解释说这进一步说明即使身体的一些部位,例如,一条腿,灵魂仍然是不可分割的。灵魂和肉体是由两个不同的性质,他们仍然可以在对方的反应。因此,身体会产生影响是身体和灵魂的身体会产生影响。这种笛卡尔的二元论是订阅叫做互动论,也称为笛卡尔二元论。他实际上成为身心互动论的理论之父。
心灵被形容为非物理,因为它不是坐落在体内特定的地方。笛卡尔认为,如果头脑并不与身体密切相关,我们可以没有任何的感情像饥饿、口渴或疼痛。笛卡尔想找到确切的思想影响身体的地方。他寻求大脑结构在大脑中存储的动物精神,它是唯一的地方,他认为这不是复制像所有其他的大脑结构。根据笛卡尔这个结构是人类独有的,只有人类自己的思想。笛卡尔决定选择松果体一样的交互点周围的动物精神。还是灵魂是不应该被认为是困在松果体。
澳洲健康学论文代写:心灵
Descartes stated that human possess a body which operates according to physical principle, and a mind that does not. He held that the mind and the body had a completely different nature. However Descartes showed that there is a particular relationship between the mind and the brain. They are 'dependent upon each other, only as a fountain pen and ink are interdependent. The pen will not write without the ink and the ink carries no message without the pen.' (MMM 3) The soul was was present in all the parts of the body, but the removal of any part of the body would not reduce the soul. For Descartes the body was procreated and the soul was created. He explained this further by stating that even if some parts of the body were removed, for example; a leg, the soul was still indivisible. Though the soul and the body were developed from two different natures, they could still react upon each other. Therefore, the body makes an influence on the body and the body makes an influence on the soul. This type of dualism that Descartes was subscribed to is called interactionism, which is also referred to as Cartesian dualism. He actually became the father of the mind-body theory of interactionism.
The mind was described as non physical as it was not located anywhere specific in the body. Descartes believed that if the mind was not closely related to the body, we could not have any feelings like hunger, thirst or pain. Descartes wanted to find the exact place where the mind influenced the body. He sought a structure in the brain as the brain stored the animal spirits and it was the only place which he believed that is not duplicate like all other brain structures. According to Descartes this structure had to be uniquely human as only humans own a mind. Descartes decided to choose the pineal gland as the point of interaction as it was surrounded by animal spirits. Still the soul was not something which should be considered as trapped in the pineal gland.
