1. The 的使用
1.）特指时使用
2） 普通复数，普通的不可数名词不用the
3）有些特例词组不用加the
2. 名称
1） Africa，South America, the European Union 不是国家，要the
2）国家一般不用the
3）即国人要the The Japanese scientists
4）一些特例联合的国要the UK， the U.S. the Netherlands，
5）组织要加the the European Union
3. 时态
讨论别人的想法时，用 the present tense 和present perfect forms
但是当你在说明一个过去发生的实验要用过去式
4. 句子信息排列：先旧信息再新信息， 先写先发生的，再写后发生的
副词一般放在动词前
5. 逗号的使用
In formal writing in English， we do not put a single comma between a subject and its verb.
6. Meanwhile
1）at the same time 同时
作at the same time 时， the 2 situations or actions must be related in a clear and direct way. 不能用meanwhile 代替 in addition，for this reason， however
2）while 对比
7. Overly complex sentences sometimes lack clarity 划分为几句
8. Logic and full development 链接紧密，逻辑清晰
9. Over-close paraphrasing
10. Poor logic 解释要清楚，有逻辑
11. Rambling 句子要简洁，去掉重复，不必须的词语
12. Referencing verbs and phrases
1）It is important to know whether a sentence is stating a fact, or gaining an explanation, or making an argument, claim or suggestion
2）用词要准确：e.g. analysts believe (应为 reveal) that the price of oil is ￥139 a barrel ( 如果是事实就不用 人 state， 特殊的观点才要人)
3）Claim 一般是一个假设
4）建议是用suggest
5）Seem and tend 用来 soften a statement or to express caution (不能滥用)
6）不是很确定，有某种可能才用，事实或可能大的不用seem 更准确
13. 被动时态
It is criticized that governments are not doing enough to reduce inequality
Governments have been criticized…..
It is found that. ….
It has been …… 现在完成时被动式的好
14. Over use referring verbs 应该节约使用，因为会阻碍阅读
15. Relative clauses 长句子有歧义时要分开~
Human activities are the most important cause of air pollution which include transportation and the combustion of the power plant fuel 应该改成
Human activities， which….. , are the most important cause of air pollution
16. 伴随状语从句应该放在中间而不是末尾 (修饰性的放句子中间)
问题： Students put the non-defining relative clause at the end of the sentence instead of with its subject in the middle or at the start of the sentence
两个which 一般不用
17. Collocations and Word formation
尽量用名词形式使句子简洁
A: adj+noun. eg. economic problems
B: noun and noun eg. labour cost
C: nour and noun, “-”连接 eg. low-income countries
eg. rapid development of the economy--------rapid economic development
protection by the law---------------legal protection
eg. In China, men can expect to love to the age of 78.
改后： In China, the life expectance is 78.
18: 用词不能绝对
eg.
it is universally agreed that （太绝对，都普遍同意了就没必要讨论了）
改为 some agreed that
19. 表示转折的连接词：
although A, ...B
whereas C,...D
while E,.....F
Despite G (一般是名词）， H
I......However, K
这类词要在相反，比较，转折的情况下使用，不同用在并列的情况
eg. Whereas dogs are good pets because of their social nature, cats are excellent pets for people who want company. (错误）
. Whereas dogs are good pets because of their social nature, cats are unsuitable pets for people who want company. (符合逻辑关系）
20. 表示相反
On the contrary ( 只在口语中使用）
使用： In contrast, In contrast to, on the other hand, the opposite of 等。
21. Consider 不能滥用
If a sentence express a generally agreed fact then there is no need to use consider
如果是事实而且后面没有critical argument，不用consider
eg. Nuclear power is considered to be （应删除） a reliable power and CO2 free energy power.
被动时态中 be considered as 错误 应为 be consider to be
22. 及物动词不及物动词混用
最常见混用的是decline （不及物）和reduce （及物）
eg. decline sth. 错 sth is decling
reduce sth. 对 sth is reducing错
23. Despite的用法
Despite the fact that + noun+ verb
Despite +noun, subject +verb
In spite of +noun phrase
Despite+verb+ing （以上都正确）
错误的使用： Despite it is..... Despite there is...
24. Exist 存在，生存。 不能用在“There is/are， to have 的意思
eg. Large dams already exist in developing countries.
正确但改为
There are large dams in developing countries.更为自然
25. 滥用Factor
很多时候能用更具体一点的词代替 如causes等，更specific
26. 滥用people
写到humans， people，citizens时，要更加具体点，指出他们的具体身份！
eg。 More and more poor people (看具体身份如farmers）cut trees.
Be more concise and specific! citizen只能在政治，法律有关的语境下使用
27. 滥用sth. cannot be ignored 太模糊了
be more direct and state what you mean
eg.用 -----needs to be analyzed
-------must be taken into account
-------is vital 等具体代替
28. 还是及物动词和非及物动词
raise 及物动词 increase 可及物也可不及物
当后面没有名词时，不能用raise
eg. The cost of the project has raised. 错误
29. 滥用influence 有些情况下需要具体之处哪种influence以及影响程度
influence------改为 damaged, changed, is caused by, is linked to.....等
势力，影响力 influence 影响 effect 两者不能混用
30. it 和this 混用
it-----focus on event 事件
this---focus on the situation or location 情景，动作
eg. 1.The Great Revolution reached India in the 1970s. It (重大事件）resulted in .....
2. New varieties of seed begun to be used by Indian farmers in the 1970s. This （事件，情况）resulted in ...
结语：需要代写assignment吗？
