同时，第二和第三自然法也说明了社会契约的构建是如何对人们的道德和美德进行规范的。正如霍布斯所指出的，人们会发展与他人的社会契约，试图为自我保护做出贡献，这将看到个人放弃他们对所有事物的权利，以便让他人对他们的自由做出妥协。在第二定律中，霍布斯揭示了社会契约是由致力于自我保护的个体之间达成共识而形成的，这就会对人们的行为和行为产生一定的规范。虽然自然第二定律在品德的发展过程中起着重要的作用，但它并不一定意味着人们会出于自身利益而做出品德上的行为。其根本原因是，道德的性情是自动发展出来的个人的习惯，符合特定的要求的自然规律。然而，霍布斯证明了第二定律可以产生一种强加于个人性情上的外力，因为它要求个人将社会契约视为指导和管理他们在自然状态下日常行为的特定规则。因此，个体将不能独立地发展他们的性格，以适应他们的特定习惯和性格。因此，这第二定律表明，善良的性情是可以被自然规律所调节的，但是自然规律并没有积极地导致服务于自身利益的善良行为的出现。
澳洲哲学论文代写:道德和美德规范
Meanwhile, the second and third laws of nature demonstrate how the construction of the social contract might serve to regulate people’s morality and virtues. As noted by Hobbes, people will develop social contracts with others in an attempt to contribute to self-preservation, which will see individuals to lay down their right to all things in order to have others to make compromises over their liberties. In this second law, Hobbes reveals that social contracts will be formed out of the consensus between individuals committed to self-preservation, which will result in certain regulations over people’s actions and behaviors. Although, the second law of nature plays an important role in the development of virtuous dispositions, it does not necessarily mean that people will perform virtuous actions out of self-interest. The underlying reason is that virtuous dispositions are automatically developed out of individuals’ habits that are in line with particular requirements of the laws of nature. However, Hobbes demonstrates that the second law can result in an external force that is imposed upon individuals’ dispositions, because it requires individuals to refer to social contracts as particular rules that will guide and govern their daily actions in the state of nature. As a result, individuals will not be independent in developing their dispositions that can align with their particular habits and characters. Thus, this second law indicates that virtuous dispositions can be regulated by the laws of nature, which however do not actively lead to the emergence of virtuous actions serving self-interest.
