托尔斯泰认为生活有两种类型:以伊万、普拉科夫亚、彼得为代表的人工生命，以及伊万身边的几乎每一个人;以及以格拉西姆为代表的真实生活。人工生命的特点是表面的关系，利己主义和唯物主义。它也是内向的，没有成就感，最终不能为生活中重要的问题提供答案。人工生命是一种欺骗，它隐藏了生命的真正意义，使人在死亡的那一刻感到恐惧和孤独。或者，真实的生活以怜悯和同情为特征。真实的生活促进相互肯定的人际关系，从而结束孤立，允许真正的人际接触。当虚假的生命离开一个人的陪伴和空虚，真实的生命拥抱力量，通过团结，通过同情。因此，它创造了纽带，让一个人读来迎接死亡。真实的生活之所以不是正确的生活，原因如下:同情一个人并不能减轻痛苦;没有对他人的完全的自我牺牲的爱，也没有真正的人际交往，当Gerasim认为同情Ivan的困境，缓解他的孤独比抱着Ivan的腿的身体支持更重要的时候，这是显而易见的。而且，没有真正的个人参与，因为同情和爱必须是双向的;双方都必须从这种关系中获益.
澳洲哲学论文代写:托尔斯泰认为
Tolstoy beliefs that there are two kinds of lives: the artificial life which is represented by Ivan, Praskovya, Peter, and nearly everyone in Ivan’s society and company; and the authentic life represented by Gerasim. The artificial life is characterized by superficial relationships, self-interest, and materialism. It is also inward-looking, not fulfilling, and eventually incapable of providing answers to the vital questions in life. The artificial life is a deception that hides life’s true meaning and leaves one terrified and alone at the moment of death. Alternatively, the authentic life is characterized by pity and compassion. The authentic life promotes reciprocally affirming human relationships that ends isolation and allows for true interpersonal contact. While the artificial life leaves one unaccompanied and empty, the authentic life embraces strength through unity and relieve through empathy. Thus it creates bonds and gets one read to meet death.The authentic life is not the right life because of the following reasons: empathizing with one does not relieve pain; there’s no total self-sacrificing love for others and no true interpersonal contact, this is evident when Gerasim considers that just empathizing with Ivan’s plight and relieving his isolation is more important than the physical support of holding Ivan’s legs. Also, there’s no genuine personal involvement because compassion and love must go both ways; both must benefit from the relationship
