全球化吸引跨国公司转移他们的制造厂，从全球北到全球南部。因为作为世界工厂，中国取得了经济增长和促进城市发展的全球化背景下，但同时也给中国带来了众多的环境灾害。不仅是空气严重污染，另一个重要的基本资源-水也受到了严重污染，因为大量的工业废水产生的外商投资工业。本文旨在研究全球化如何影响水的质量在中国长江中下游地区，在纺织和服装行业的特别关注。它将首先提供一个文献回顾全球化之间的关系，纺织和服装行业和不断恶化的水质在长江地区，其次是提供一个案例研究，在扬子江的全球业务的纺织行业。最后，提出了缓解扬子江地区服装和纺织业全球化带来的水污染问题的各种解决方案。
Globalization attracts multi-national companies to shift their manufacturing plants to from Global North to Global South. As regarded as Factory of the World, China has gained economic growth and facilitated urban development under globalization, but meanwhile it has brought numerous environmental disasters to China. Not only is the air severely polluted, another essential basic resource - water is also seriously contaminated because of the massive industrial waste water generated by foreign-invested industries. This essay aims at examining how globalization influences the water quality in Yangtze River Region of China, with a particular focus on the textile and clothing industries. It will first provide a literature review on the relationship between globalization of textile and clothing industry and the deteriorating water quality in Yangtze River Region, followed by providing a case study on a textile industry with global business in Yangtze River. At the end, it will suggest various solutions on mitigating the water pollution problem brought by globalization of clothing and textile industry in Yangtze River Region.
Literature Review - Relationship between globalization and the deteriorating water quality in Yangtze River Region
全球化促进了国际分工，划分了生产成不同的独立阶段，从研究与开发（R&D），提取原料制造（Kelvin H，2006；Michelle D.，2009）。它使跨国公司（跨国公司）通过保持他们的总部在本国同时转移他们的制造厂对欠发达国家（LDCs）实现规模经济，以廉价的土地和低技能劳动力以及丰富的原材料是。在全球化背景下，中国已经成为“世界工厂”（Kelvin Z.，2006）。再加上开放政策，吸引了许多跨国公司制造链移到那里（Kelvin Z.，2006）。然而，在巨大的经济回报是外资带来的，制造厂也加剧了中国的水污染。据绿色和平组织（2011），70%的湖泊，水库和河流受到不同种类的污染物的污染。
Globalization facilitates the international division of labor, which has divided production into different separate stages, ranging from Research and Development (R&D), raw materials extraction to manufacturing (Kelvin H, 2006; Michelle D., 2009). It enables the transnational companies (TNCs) to achieve economies of scales through keeping their headquarters in their home countries meanwhile shifting their manufacturing plants to Less Developed Countries (LDCs), in which cheap land and low-skilled labor as well as abundant raw materials are available. Under globalization, China has become "Factory of the world" (Kelvin Z., 2006). Added with its Open Door Policy, it has attracted dozens of TNCs to shift their manufacturing chain to there (Kelvin Z., 2006). Yet, while the huge economic returns were brought by foreign investment, the manufacturing plants also intensified the water pollution in China. According to Greenpeace (2011), 70% of its lakes, reservoirs and rivers are polluted with different kinds of pollutants.
大量外商投资的制造工厂转移到中国已导致水质恶化的流域，以扬子江最为显著。根据公共与环境事务研究所，长江流域是释放量最大的工业废渣水流域在中国，在2010 77.82Â108tonnes。它释放了三倍于黄河22.92Â108tonnes废物的记录（IPE，2012）。
本文选择纺织行业作为一个手段来说明如何全球化的纺织和服装行业恶化的扬子江的水质，因为它是一个巨大的用户的危险和持久的化学品，据报道，是水污染的主要来源（绿色和平组织，2011）。在纺织印染、洗涤、印染、织物整理等工业湿处理过程中，产生巨大的工业废水，排放到河流，对水质造成不利影响。
案例研究-宁波服装纺织业雅戈尔纺织物
A huge number of foreign-invested manufacturing plants shifting to China have led to deteriorating water quality of river basins, with Yangtze River the most significant. According to Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, Yangtze River Basin was released the largest amount of industrial waste water among the river basins in China, with 77.82Â 108tonnes during 2010. It released three times larger than Yellow River where 22.92Â 108tonnes of the waste was recorded (IPE, 2012).
This paper chooses textile industry as a mean to illustrate how globalization of textile and clothing industry worsens the water quality of Yangtze River because it is a huge user of hazardous and persistent chemicals, and it is reported to be a major source of water pollution (Greenpeace, 2011). During the industrial wet processing of textiles like dyeing, washing, printing and fabric finishing, enormous industrial waste water is generated and discharged to the river, adversely affecting the water quality.
Case study - Clothing and Textile industry in Ningbao - Youngor Textile Complex
