“生意不是脱离社会的休息。公司的行为影响了很多人，不只是股东。一个公司应该是一个负责任的社会成员，它的运作“。企业及其在社会中的作用比以往任何时候都要受到更严格的审查。公司存在的主要目的是什么？它只是为了最大限度地提高利润，以满足业主的要求和要求，或者是有可能看到公司在一个更大的角度来看，在社会上？应这一视角超越纯ï¬财务方面的活动？上述报价是指正在进行的关于企业责任的辩论。除了一个亲ï¬表业务，一个公司的责任，例如，被连接到公平对待员工的程序，使用可持续的环境友好的方法，积极参与有关社会道德困境的讨论。这是一个关于企业如何选择做业务的探讨，仅与ï¬财务目标或一个负责任的方式，可以ff等ï¬财务回报，支持其他的价值。正在进行的辩论有关的企业在社会上的作用是扩大企业责任的表达被称为企业社会责任，企业社会责任，或华润，企业责任。有没有一个普遍接受的定义ï¬，但许多组织和公司都有自己的诠释企业社会责任。欧盟国家关于企业社会责任的定义如下：“ï¬CSR是一个概念，公司将社会和环境的关注他们的业务和他们的互动与他们的利益相关者在自愿的基础上”。采取积极主动的行动，有利于维护这三个价值观之间的平衡，不受法律的规范，积极主动。尽管增加了对企业责任的关注，企业界在社会中的作用的问题并不是一个新的现象。公司一直是社会的一部分，但他们的角色和责任已成为一些不清楚的，离开私人和公共做电源的个人解释的空间。目前有许多跨国公司在全球化趋势下的精神世界。当今世界100大经济体只代表了50个国家，其余的都是跨国公司。一个公司的责任增加的意识和重点给企业社区的机会是重要的和强大的社会行动者。鼓励企业积极开展企业社会责任。但它不仅是给公司的一个机会，它也在许多情况下，客户，员工，社会和其他利益相关者的期望。
Introduction
"Business is not divorced from the rest of society. How companies behave afects many people, not just shareholders. A company should be a responsible member of the society in which it operates". Businesses and their role in society are subject to more intense scrutiny than ever. What is the main purpose of a company's existence? Is it simply to maximize profits in order to satisfy the owners' requests and demands, or is it possible to see the company in a larger perspective in society? Should this perspective go beyond pure ï¬nancial aspects of the activities? The quotation above refers to the ongoing debate about corporate responsibility. Besides being a proï¬table business, the responsibility of a company can, for example, be connected to programs for fair treatment of employees, using sustainable environmental friendly methods and participating actively in discussions about ethical social dilemma. It is a discussion about how companies choose to do business, solely with ï¬nancial objectives or in a responsible way that might affect the ï¬nancial return, supporting other values. The ongoing debate concerning the role of the businesses in the community is an expression of expanded corporate responsibilities referred to as CSR, corporate social responsibility, or CR, Corporate Responsibility. There is no one universally accepted deï¬nition, but a number of organizations and companies have their own interpretation of CSR. The European Union states the following about the deï¬nition of CSR: "CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis". Working actively with CSR by taking actions in favor of maintaining the balance between these three values is not regulated by laws; it is a voluntary initiative. Despite the increased focus on corporate responsibility, the question of the business community's role in society is not a new phenomenon. Companies have always been a part of society, but their role and responsibilities have become some what unclear, leaving room for individual interpretations of private and public do- mains. There are presently a number of multinational corporations acting all over the world in the spirit of the globalization trend. The 100 largest economies in the world today are represented by only 50 countries; the rest are multinational corporations. An increased awareness and focus of the responsibilities of a corporation gives the business communities the opportunity to be important and powerful actors in society. Companies are encouraged to actively work with CSR. But it is not only an opportunity given to the companies; it is also in many cases expectation by customers, employees, society and other stakeholders.
What is Corporate social responsibility (CSR) ?
Social responsibility of business (Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR) is understood as "the commitment of businesses to contribute to sustainable economic development, through improving the quality of work life of employees and members of their families, communities and society, in ways that benefit both businesses as well as the overall development of society. " These enterprises (companies) want sustainable development must always abide by the standards of environmental protection, gender equality, labor safety, labor rights, fair pay, training and development staff, community development etc. C:\Users\uses\Desktop\helping-world.jpg
Some companies use sustainability or corporate citizenship instead of CSR. Some argue that the 'social' in CSR detracts from the business-related responsible activity by focusing on its social impacts (typically in the community area) while not giving due regard to the importance of ensuring the company's operations are run ethically and responsibly.
Fundamentally, CSR is about relationships between the company and its stakeholders and building trust. CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society.
Stakeholders
A stakeholder is an individual or a group that can affect the organization, or is affected by the organization's activities at any time, either now or in the future. This definition can include employees, suppliers, local communities, single issue groups, government and the wider society, as well as shareholders.
The concept of stakeholders is central to that of CSR. Stakeholders may be defined as "groups and individuals who can affect, or are affected by, the achievement of an organization's mission". The concept of stakeholders may be given a wider perspective as simply all those entities with a "critical eye" on corporate actors .Stakeholders thus form a link between the aims and ambitions of the organization and the expectations of society .This is a dynamic activity, as expectations and pressures change and is further complicated by the need for managers to resolve the interests of different stakeholders and to integrate this within the managerial decision-making process. Managers must make decisions about the extent of their responsibilities and the nature of the stakeholders to whom they are both responsible and accountable.
Do that "social responsibility" and "charitable works" of the multinational corporation have the same meaning? There is a clear distinction between social responsibility "of enterprises with various forms of" charitable donation. "Some businesses have often used the money into the community project, sponsored and established a scholarship fund support. In addition, they mobilize their workers to engage in voluntary social work, to create a feeling of goodwill with the public, and this will definitely help polish names of the Company, reinforce the image of the brand. But social responsibility of enterprises to go beyond the form of charity, because it also requires companies to have an obligation to think of the image their effects on all the subjects are their own shares as well as the natural environment before a proposed decision.
Larger firms may choose to engage one of the many independent consultants specialized in stakeholder mapping to help them with this or other CSR processes. As noted below, another consideration to bear in mind is the capacity of stakeholder groups to remain engaged in any ongoing consultation
Why CSR Is Necessary?
Why is CSR required? There are two levels of reasons. The first relates to globalization itself. In a sense, globalization is the creation of a new business era when a business corporation can enjoy an enormous amount of freedom. There is no single government or single law enforcement body to apply the same laws and regulations to all players. International agreements exist but can easily be ignored in a number of countries. In addition, most developing countries have very comprehensive laws and regulations but lack effective infrastructure to enforce them. Some developing countries might deregulate their standards or regulations in the fields of environment and labor because they want to attract more foreign capital. Thus business corporations that are operating worldwide enjoy an enormous amount of freedom today. However, freedom should be followed by responsibility. In the absence of responsibility, globalization itself might come to a dead end. This is one reason why business corporations are now trying to develop CSR policies and also trying to establish internal systems that make it possible to reduce negative impacts and increase the positive influences over external stakeholders. The second driver of CSR varies from country to country and region to region. Each society has different issues to be solved with the help of a business corporation.
Example:
People in the USA suggest that American corporations have been externalizing costs in order to report ever-increasing quarterly earnings, with costs passed on to everybody except for shareholders, such as consumers, workers, or the environment and community. In order to rectify such an excessively shareholder-centered management style in the USA, CSR is emphasized.
In Japan too, excessive CEO-centered management styles have also been criticized. Shareholders' meetings do not work properly and boards of directors are not functioning as the Japanese commercial law expected. Even labor unions do not play their own role properly. The problem was that CEOs had excessive power and could decide whatever they wanted. Until the early 1990s, this characteristic of Japanese management worked to the benefit of Japanese corporations because, with a long-term perspective, top managers could decide whatever they wanted very quickly. However, after the mid-1990s and especially after the long-lasting recession, this trait began to work to the detriment of Japanese corporations and society. In order to protect their own personal position, some top managers in companies began to be involved in unethical or illegal activity. As a consequence, in Japan, society expects business corporations to be much more ethical and more accountable than ever. The issue now is how to establish integrity in business corporations.
CSR strategy development and implementation could be considered as an organizational change process, or as a new way of organizing and working. The aim is to align the organization with the dynamic demands of the business and social environment through the identification and management of stakeholder expectations.
In addition to change, CSR involves learning over time and the ability to understand the specific context and confluence of stakeholder expectations. Whilst there is no best way to bring about change enhanced learning of stakeholder expectations and the specifics of the context will help to ensure that change is beneficial and supported by appropriate mechanisms. This requires managers to understand and be actively aware of both the context and expectations, but also to recognize that any changes they implement will also shape the environment in turn. The development of CSR practices can therefore be seen as an evolutionary and recursive activity, acting and reacting on and with the business environment. When considering how CSR can be implemented the literature offers various insights.
However, to our knowledge most studies on CSR typically focus on limited aspects. This means that an integrative framework has yet to be offered for the development and implementation of CSR in a fashion that is soundly integrated to the organization's strategy, structure, and culture.
World Health Organization (WHO) and CSR
WHO is the first global health organization, It replaced or absorbed many regional and national health bodies.
In the latter half of the 19th century, after several severe cholera epidemics, a series of international sanitary conferences were held in Europe to coordinate policy and practice around quarantine and disease management. The League of Nations established a health organization in 1920, and there were regional bodies as well. But the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 marked a period of aggressive internationalism and international organization-building, and though health was not initially thought to be under the U.N.'s purview, a motion by the Brazilian and Chinese delegates to establish an international health organization was unanimously accepted. A group of health experts who are working on emergency relief in the wake of World War II were charged with the task of drafting a constitution to define the structure and mandate of the body that would become known as the World Health Organization. C:\Users\uses\Desktop\who-logo.jpg
The work of WHO is mainly carried out by a secretariat; secretariat staff are led by a director-general and work in areas identified by an executive board and ratified by an assembly.
Public health is of interest for all stakeholders in a national, as well as an international, perspective. Health is not just absence of sickness - it is a part of life quality, something that most of us take for granted in our daily lives. A look around the world, however, reveals major health related flaws and problems. Some of these problems are related to natural catastrophes but others are tied to societal conditions or self imposed actions as a part of an unhealthy life style. Who carries the responsibility for health in a long term perspective?
Building and maintaining health promoting systems around the world can be divided into different activities and time perspectives: traditional public health - treatment and ongoing daily activities and health policy programs with a long term perspective.
A long term perspective is expressed in health policy programs that set the conditions for the future needs for health services. The perspective includes national issues such as taxation, social health related programs and educational standards. It is in the development of these long term policies and societal conditions for health that the long- term framework is set. These programs are aimed at preventive actions, to delay the onset of health conditions. So far, in most countries, health policy issues have been the primary responsibility of the government. Independent of health treatment system, private or state run institutions, the costs for health care are steadily increasing - and they are forecasted to increase even more if the issue of preventive health is not addressed. Preventive health in so called proactive health programs refers to engaging society at large in food security and health-related activities. However, in most of these analyses, the corporate role in this process is omitted, or simply not thought of, in the rather traditional analysis and suggestions of future improvements within the frames of the existing systems.
The World Health Organization defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to take control over, and improve their health. In a structural analysis basic prerequisites for health are identified as: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. These prerequisites are handled in five platforms for actions: building public health policies, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and providing health services. This paper is concerned with the platforms of building a supportive environment for continued CSR engagement. It is focused on businesses in general and food businesses in particular.
Conclusion
Today, social responsibility of enterprises covers many more aspects. Many studies have shown that only a modern enterprise is considered a social responsibility to: ensure their activities do not cause harm to the environment, is to show friendly environment during their production, this is a very important criteria for consumers' attention must be known to employees, their employees not only materially but also on mentally, forcing the employees to work until exhaustion or no solutions to help them recreate their labor power is a completely alien to the social responsibility of business; must respect the equality of men and women not be discriminated against in terms of gender in labor recruitment and payment of wages that must be based on equality of capacity of each shall not be discriminated against, denied or underpaid between normal and impaired body or face their past, to provide good quality product, not harm to the health of consumers, this is a very important criteria to show responsibility business to consumers aside part of their profit contribution for the aid community. For the community and burden to the community is a goal that businesses have social responsibilities are towards development goals alongside their profit, as the program supports African, Asian in the field of health care by billionaire Bill Gates is a typical example. Indeed, many children would have been saved; more children go to school more ... if businesses are willing to share benefits with the community.
