建筑学论文代写 Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate

8年前 1,285次浏览 建筑学论文代写 Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate已关闭评论 , , , , ,

Research aim

This research aims is to evaluate and critical review on the factor contributing to the decision between the adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing estate in Hong Kong with determine the decision between maintenance and redevelopment in public housing estate from the questionnaire and interview and technical record of the building structure life span. The methodology consists of literature research, survey through questionnaires and interviews and reviews the opinion of tenant and government. With a view to do this, I will use the questionnaire and case study in the dissertation respectively. As a new research area, the researcher adopted a multi-faceted approach employing multiple methods for the collection of research materials.

There are several methods to do the research. The first method is to visit relevant government departments and officials in order to have a deep understanding to the research. The second method is that, by reviewing some electronic and printed documents as well as participant observations in order to have an up-dated and comprehensive understanding of the issues.

The main methodologies used for the dissertation are documentary review on relevant public housing policies particularly on the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme (CPR) and Home CARE Maintenance in both printed and electronic form has been conducted. Besides, case study is used to examine the intention of government policy for redevelopment and maintenance for old public housing estate. The reasons for choosing the above case study for this dissertation can be specifically elaborated into 2 aspects: financial and environment impacts between redevelopment and maintenance that take place in public housing estates.

Furthermore, questionnaires were also used to serve the purpose of providing a through understanding of the old public housing estates physical environment, where the tenants live and socialize and their true-wish or desires on maintenance and redevelopment.

Research the existing old public housing estate in Hong Kong

In 2010, the public housing estate in Hong Kong which is less than 30 years old nearly 87% and about 13% estates were built before 1980. The most common aged public housing estate is Choi Hung Estate, Kwai Shing Estate, Lai King Estate, which is over 35 years old.

With a view to maintain the housing standards, public housing estates which are 30 years old or above are require upgrading by improvement measures or facilities. However, some other 30 plus years old public housing estates require to have redevelopment, because its structure is not fulfill the safe standard or becoming uneconomical to take maintenance.

For the reason that the oldest block design "Mark I" to "Mark VI" public housing estates and the former government low cost housing estates built in the 1950s and 1960s are obsolete by today's standards, the above block designs were cleared for redevelopment in June 1999.

The Government started to redevelop these buildings in the 1970s. Up to 31 December 2004, 694 blocks of these estates containing some 249,360 households were redeveloped.

Review of building conditions in public housing in Hong Kong

In this section, I will present an overview of the current status of old public housing estates in Hong Kong.

In Hong Kong, the remaining early authority estates included, Shek Kip Mei Estate, Fuk Loi Estate, Choi Hung Estate. Although the living environment basically can meet the normal standards, it is not a fine condition in comparing with the public housing estate which built after 70s.

In the 1960's, there were some marginal improvement for the public housing design. The improvements not only increase a little more living space in the public housing units, but also the community facilities were significantly improved. Besides, the building block is bigger than before, the stories were increased to 16 and corridors were moved indoors, but neighborliness was discouraged by the long monstrous slab blocks.

Nowadays, all units in the ageing public housing estates are self-contained with basic facilities such as shower tray and water closet in the toilet, cooking bench and sink in the kitchen, drying rack, electricity, not and cold water supplies etc.

In order to upgrade the facilities, a more energy-saving lift system will be introduced. Also, a security system will be installed in all rental blocks, which includes electronically controlled security gates and door phones for each unit and television surveillance system in common areas from the security counter next to the main entrance on ground floor.

Questionnaires Survey

In this questionnaire, there are 10 questions to collect tenant opinion on this topic of Choi Hung Estate and Lai King Estate, also, it can collect more basic information of the selected estate

In order to ensure accuracy in the collected data by all interviewers, structured questionnaires was adopted in which similar question were asked at each interview. Owing to the limitation in resources, quota sampling was adopted in the study. Data was collected as detailed as possible through face-to-face interview.

Basic information of the target estate

Lai King Estate is located in Kwai Chung district, this estate was built in 1975 about 35 years old, there are 7 block in this estate and the block style is old slab and the flat size are 22.7 - 50.3 m2, about 4200 rental flat. The electricity supply and security system was upgrade in 2000 and Total Maintenance Scheme was finished the in-flat inspection in 2004

Choi Hung Estate is located in Wong Tai Sin district, this estate was built in 1962 about 48 years old, there are 11 block in this estate and the block style is old slab and the flat size are 24.1 - 69.2  m2, about 7400 rental flat.

Questionnaire Survey Shek Kip Mei Estate and Kwai Shing West Estate

Overall Arrangement of Questionnaire

There are 15 questions shown in this questionnaire for our interviewee to answer, all of the questions are related to this theme of study "decision between Maintenance and Redevelopment", also it included a special arrangement to get the real opinion and deep meaning of the aims of study from this questionnaire.

In question 1 - 4, it is about the basic information of the interviewee, in this part, some data is about the age of interviewee, time of living, number of family living with and range of income for month get from these four questions, know more about the background of interviewee to give a supporting for the data analysis.

In question 5 -8, were asked about any defect was found in the in-house area or public area and which defect is the most important regard to interviewee. We can understand "Which defect is the most common found in aged estate" and "Which type of defect is pay close attention by interviewee". These four questions mainly use to lead interviewee to answer next question conscientious due to question 5 -8 can lead interviewee to introspect their estate.

In question 9 - 12, these questions were asked "Are you satisfy this estate", "Would you like to move to new estate" and "Would you pay higher rent for new estate", these questions can lead to understand the level of satisfy from the aged estate.

In question 13 - 16, these questions were asked about the comment of making decision between maintenance and redevelopment, the main concern to make a decision. These four questions use to collect the opinion and worry of maintenance and redevelopment from interviewee

Selection of case study

The main aim to carry out the selected topical case study for this dissertation is develop and enhance the basic information that shown in the completed questionnaire.

Case 1 Kwai Shing Estate

Kwai Shing West Estate was built in the 1975 (the age at year 2010 is 35), this is a large scope housing estate in the Kwai Tsing Distract. Therefore, the estate involved 10 towers which is old slab block type, included over 5 300 rental flats and the flat size is round 22.7 - 54.9 meter square. The initial planning for maintenance of Kwai Shing West Estate and considering the schedule and settlement of maintenance for the estate of 10 blocks, the maintenance work will be carry out step by step and move in circle.

The In-Flat Inspection of Total Maintenance Scheme of Housing Authority was begun in September 2007 and finished in March 2009 of 10 blocks of Kwai Shing West Estate. According to the in-flat inspection report, spalling is the most occur in this estate and the other is water-seepage, deformed metal window, leakage drainage and all of these defects were maintained by Housing Authority. In addition, Housing Authority will responsible to carry out the work of cover-walkway, barrier free facilities and improve the security (CCTV) system to improve the living environment quality and rise up the convenient of public facilities for the tenant

The Housing Authority is planning to carry out the second cycle in-flat inspection of the rental houses area to achieve the original purpose of the good practice for building maintenance on April 2011, that is detect and rectify the defect at an early stage, not only prevent some unnecessary expenditure on major corrective maintenance will be saved. Also, the life span of building can be extend by the properly maintenance.

Nowadays after these maintenance policy or schemes, the number of unit and the size of Kwai Shing West Estate had not any changes due to none of redevelopment work or alternation and addition work carry out in this estate, only carrying out some maintenance work (e.g. external wall re-painting work and public area, TMS Scheme). But, the arrangement of building maintenance not only upholds the life span and ensures the building structure safety to relieve worry of tenants, also educate the tenants about building maintenance and establish the faith of promise of building safety. Otherwise, the tenants of this estate may be pay attention to building maintenance, because of carrying out all these maintenance work or scheme, however, building maintenance work not only uphold the life span, value and quality of building, also make tenants more pay attention on defect and maintenance of building and give building maintenance education to tenant.

Time for Maintenance

Case 2 Shek Kip Mei Estate

Shek Kip Mei Estate was built in 1954 (the age at year 2010 is 56). In the early stage of this estate were H-shaped buildings (no elevator), which involved 29 blocks of six to seven storeys, the size of each flat is about 120 square feet with toilet and shower facilities for a family about 4-6 persons. Base on the basic living requirement and the need of tenant at present (at least 5.5 square meters for a person) and the elevator is the essential part of any building in this day. The change of the basic requirement of tenant is expressed the facilities and size of this estate are out of the present standard. Otherwise, according to the inspection record about Shek Kip Mei Estate of District Maintenance office of Housing Authority found that spalling and water seepage is very often seen and the strength of concrete is on the downside.

When the age was change and quality of building also cannot catch the basic standard nowadays and carry out building maintenance is not the best choice to make improvement to the estate due to it cannot have any large change at present after maintenance. Therefore, redevelopment of Shek Kip Mei Estate is the better choice to improve the value and practicability. In the other head, the Phase 2 of Shek Kip Mei Estate redevelopment programme was proceed on 2000 and carry out into 2 phases separately under construction.

Nowadays, the schedule of redevelopment scheme was completed 1 phase redevelopment programme to clear the old resettlement H-shaped blocks built in the 1950s and 1960s. Up to now, the estate comprises 11 towers which is Non standard block type and New Slab block type in Phase 1, included over 5 200 rental flats and the flat size is round 11.5 - 55.7 meter square in Phase 1, the Phase 2 redevelopment programme is still processing on middle stage (expect completion time is 2015), according to the blue-paint plan of Phase 2 redevelopment programme not only built residential building, also included market, shopping mall and public garden. In the future, this is a large scope housing estate in the Sham Shui Po Distract.

Comment of this estate

At present, redevelopment programme of Shek Kip Mei Estate (Phase 1) had already finished in March 2006 (from March 2003), the number of rental flats were increase to 5200, when

Time for redevelopment

Case Study 3 So Uk Estate

So Uk Estate was built in 1960 (say 50 years old, if there is no redevelopment carry out), in the original stage of this estate was involved 16 blocks, which included Linear B type style and Non-standard type style building. The size of flat is around 19.5 - 49.1 square meter with toilet and shower facilities for a family about 4-6 persons or more.

The estate was built alongside of squatter areas. The squatter was later demolished for the construction of the estate of 16 blocks in 1960. The blocks were called "Houses" and named after varieties of flowers. Unlike many public housing estates built afterward, the architectural design of the estates is unique in Hong Kong. There are 5,316 flats in the estate, with areas ranging from 19.5 to 49.1m2, with capacity of 15,200.[1]

Of distinctive design, the estate was the home of many famous individuals during their youth in Hong Kong, for example, Sam Hui and his brothers, Wong Ka Kui and his brother in the band Beyond and many others.

As of 2008, over 48 years, the structure is still in good condition but its estimated high maintenance cost made the Hong Kong Housing Authority decide to demolish the six blocks in March 2012 . The Authority will compensate residents and aid in their move. It has also allowed residents the option of moving into Un Chau Estate Phases 2, 4, and 5 in Sham Shui Po.[2]

A foundation titled, "Farewell So Uk" [1] was established as a historical archive for the Estate and to document its history of its residents. It is sponsored by the Salvation Army of Hong Kong and the Salisbury YMCA.

这些您可能会感兴趣

筛选出你可能感兴趣的一些文章,让您更加的了解我们。